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The study Nephrotic Syndrome Network (NEPTUNE) is a North American multicenter collaborative consortium established to develop translational research infrastructure for neptune filter tips nephrotic syndrome. It includes a longitudinal observational cohort studies, pilot and additional study programs, training programs, and contact with the patient registry.
NEPTUNE will enroll 450 adults and children with minimal change disease, focal segmental Neptune Tip Box glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy for detailed clinical phenotype, histopathological and molecular at the time of renal biopsy clinically indicated.
initial visit will Neptune Tip Box include a long clinical history, physical examination, collection of urine, blood and kidney tissue samples, and assessment of quality of life neptune filter tips and patient reported outcomes. Follow-up history, physical action, urine and blood samples and questionnaires will be obtained every 4 months in the first Neptune Tip Box year and twice a year thereafter.
molecular profiles and gene expression data will be linked to the phenotype, genetic, and histologic digitizing data for comprehensive analysis using systems biology approaches. analytical strategy designed to transform the descriptive information for classification mechanistic’s disease nephrotic Neptune Tip Box syndrome and to identify clinical, histologic, and genomic predictors of disease. Thus, understanding the complexity of the pathogenesis of the disease will guide further investigation of targeted therapeutic strategies.
APOL1 variants have been associated with renal phenotype in blacks. To refine the clinical results and discovered the mechanism of kidney injury associated APOL1, we analyzed the clinical neptune filter tips and genomic dataset derived from 90 subjects in black and Nephrotic Syndrome Study Neptune tips Network (NEPTUNE), stratified by genotype APOL1 risk. Ninety subjects with proteinuria ≥0.5 g / d recorded in the first biopsy for primary nephrotic syndrome and followed. Clinical outcome is determined, and histomorfometri kidney and nephrotic syndrome Mendelian gene sequencing done.
APOL1 variants were genotyped, and glomerular and tubulointerstitial transcriptome of the core protocols of renal biopsy were analyzed for differential and correlative neptune filter tips gene expression. The analysis was performed with a model of recessive (high risk genotype is defined by two risk alleles). APOL1 high risk genotype was significantly associated with a 17 ml / min per 1.73 m (2) reduced eGFR and 69% reduction in the probability of complete remission at any time, independent of the histological diagnosis. Both groups risk APOL1 enriched for mutations Mendel.
On renal biopsy, high-risk genotype was associated with increased fractional area interstitial, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. risk genotype was not associated with intrarenal mRNA neptune filter tips expression levels APOL1. Differential expression analysis showed an increase in steady state levels of five genes associated with high risk genotypes (CXCL9, CXCL11, and UBD in the glomerulus; SNOR14B and MUC13 in tubulointerstitium).
APOL1 tubulointerstitial coexpression analysis showed coexpression of APOL1 level intrarenal mRNA transcripts by a group which together are associated with increased interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. These data indicate a high risk of kidney APOL1 genotype confers risk in histopathological diagnosis.
GJ 436B is warm – about 800 kelvins – Exoplanet periodically eclipse the low-mass (half the mass of the Sun) host star, and is one of several Neptune-mass planet that agrees to the neptune filter tips detailed characterization. Previous observations have shown that the atmosphere has a ratio of methane to carbon monoxide 10 (5) times smaller than predicted by the model for hydrogen-dominated atmosphere at this temperature.
A recent study suggested that the unusual chemistry can be explained if the planet’s atmosphere is significantly enhanced in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. Here we report observations of the atmosphere of GJ 436B obtained during transit. Data show that the transmission spectrum of a planet is neptune filter tips its special properties, the exclusion of cloud-free, hydrogen-dominated atmosphere model with a very high significance 48σ.
Measured spectrum consistent with both high cloud neptune tips layer that is located at about one millibar pressure level or with a hydrogen-poor relative (three percent hydrogen and helium mass fraction) composition of the atmosphere.